(sold for $80.0)

The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (or "of the Seven United Provinces") (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden/Provinciën; also Dutch Republic or United Provinces in short, Foederatae Belgii Provinciae or Belgica Foederata in Latin) was a European republic between 1581 and 1795, in about the     same location as the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is the     successor state.

Before 1581, the area of the Low Countries consisted     of a number of duchies, counties, and independent bishoprics, some but     not all of them part of the Holy Roman Empire. Today that area is     divided between the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and parts of France     and Germany. The Low Countries in the 16th century roughly   corresponded   to the Seventeen Provinces covered by the Pragmatic   Sanction of 1549 of   Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

Through marriage, war or sale, these states were     acquired by the Habsburg emperor Charles V and his son, king Philip II     of Spain. In 1568, the Netherlands, led by William I of Orange,   revolted   against Philip II because of high taxes, persecution of   Protestants by   the government, and Philip's efforts to modernize and   centralize the   devolved medieval government structures of the   provinces. This was the   start of the Eighty Years' War.

In 1579, a number of the northern provinces of the     Netherlands signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to     support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was     followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of     independence in which the provinces officially deposed Philip II. 

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