(продана за $565.0)

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1423, Netherlands, Dukes of Guelders, Reinald IV. Beautiful Gold Florin Coin. R!

Mint Place: Julich
Region: Netherlands
State: Guelders (Duchy)
Mint Place: Bishopric of Utrecht
Denomination: Gold Florin (Florin d'or)
Mint period: 1433-1455 (struck ca. 1415)
Reference: Delmonte 599 (R1!), Friedberg 49. R!
Condition: A scratch and moderate wear in reverse, otherwise XF/VF+
Ruler: Reinald IV (Reinhold IV, 1402-1423) of Guelders
Diameter: 23mm
Weight: 2.87gm
Material: Gold!

Obverse: Standing draped figure of Saint John "the Baptist", holding cross-topped staff. Cross between legs below.
Legend: . + . S . IOhANNES + BABTISTA (privy mark: lion)

Reverse: Central imperial shield (with double-headed eagle) surrounded by four shields in cruciform. All within quatrilobe and inner circle.
Legend: + DVX . REINALD' . IVL . -Z- . GEL . -Z- . COMIS . -Z- .

Guelders or Gueldres (Dutch: Gelre, German: Geldern) is a historical county, later duchy of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Low Countries.

John the Baptist was an itinerant preacher and a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam (known as Yahya ibn Zakariyya), the Bahá'í Faith, and Mandaeism.

John is described as having the unique practice of baptism for the forgiveness of sins. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus. Scholars generally believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John and several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by Jewish historian Josephus. Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi-ascetic Essenes, who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this.

According to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself, and Jesus was the one whose coming John foretold. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah.

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Reinald IV, Duke of Guelders and Jülich aka Reginald IV (c. 1365 â€" 25 June 1423) was the son of William II, Duke of Jülich and Maria of Guelders, daughter of Reinald II, Duke of Guelders.

Reinald IV became the second Duke of Guelders and Jülich upon his brother William's death in 1402 without heirs. Reinald, in conjunction with the Wittelsbach Counts of Holland, Hainaut and Zeeland, tried in vain to slow the emergence of Burgundy in the Netherlands area and in 1406 was unable to enforce old claims against Burgundy to Brabant-Limburg. He allied himself with Rupert, King of Germany, supporting his coronation in Aachen and remained closely connected with the House of Orléans. In 1407, Reinald supported his brother-in-law, John of Arkel, against the Dutch and in 1409 received the city of Gorinchem from John. This started a new feud with Holland which ended in 1412 when Reinald ceded Gorinchem for a large sum of money. He also conceded the city of Emmerich as a result of an earlier promise to the Duke of Cleves. Reinald led the traditional feuds of his House, particularly those against the Bishops of Utrecht and against Holland and Friesland. He occupied Arkel, but in 1422 he was forced to seek peace and return all of his conquests. Reinald also stood against the House of Cleves in the Niederrhein area and maintained a lot of influence over Guelders.

On 5 May 1405, Reinald married Marie of Harcourt, daughter of John VI, Count of Harcourt.
Reinald died near Arnhem on 25 June 1423 and was buried at Kloster Monkhuizen.
As Reinald died without legitimate issue, the Duchy of Jülich descended to Adolf, Duke of Berg, son of Reinald's cousin William VII of Jülich, 1st Duke of Berg. In 1426, Reinald's widow married Adolf's son Rupert, but he died in 1431 without heirs and the Duchy of Jülich-Berg then descended to Adolf's nephew Gerhard.
The Duchy of Guelders descended to Reinald's great-nephew, Arnold of Egmond, although the House of Jülich fought unsuccessfully against the House of Egmond for this title.

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Добавив: anonymous
2016-09-26
 
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