(sold for $22.0)

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1686, Hungary, Leopold I. Bronze "Siege and Liberation of Ofen (Buda)" Medal.

Condition: VF! Mint Year: 1686 Mint Place: Brussels   Reference: Montenuovo 1076.  Rare! Issuer: Jacques Madoets (treasurer of Brussels, 1674-1675) Denomination: Medal - The Siege and Liberation of Ofen (Buda), and the Victories over the Turks, 1686. Material: Bronze Diameter: 29mm Weight: 7.61gm

Obverse: Habsburg eagle with crescent in claws, flies over fortified cityscape of Buda (Ofen). Legend: DONEC AVFERATVR LVNA Exergue: . BVDA . CAPTA . 

Reverse: Helmetted and plummed coat-of-arms of Jacques Madoets (treasurer of Brussels, 1674-1675) with date (16-86) split in fields.

The Battle of Buda (1686) was fought between the Holy League and the Ottoman Empire, as part of the follow-up campaign in Hungary after the Battle of Vienna. The Holy League took Buda after a long siege. After the unsuccessful second siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1683, which started the Great Turkish War, an imperial counteroffensive started for the re-conquest of Hungary, so that the Hungarian capital Buda could be freed from the Turks. In 1541, Buda was conquered by the Turks in the Siege of Buda, and was under Turkish rule for the next 145 years. Following the Turkish defeat at the Battle of Vienna in 1683, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I saw the opportunity for a counterstrike. With the aid of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League was formed on 5 March 1684, with King Sobieski of Poland, Emperor Leopold I, and the Republic of Venice agreeing to an alliance against the Turks. In 1686, two years after the unsuccessful siege of Buda, a renewed   campaign was started to take Buda. This time, the Holy League's army was   twice as large, containing between 75,000-80,000 men, including German, Hungarian, Croat, Dutch, English, Spanish, Czech,   Italian, Catalan, French, Burgundian, Danish and Swedish soldiers, and   other Europeans as volunteers, artillerymen, and officers. The Turkish defenders consisted of 7,000 men. By the middle of June 1686, the siege had begun. On July 27, the Holy   League's army started a large-scale attack which cost them 5.000   killed. They were thrown back by the defenders. A Turkish relief army arrived at Buda in the middle of August led by Grand Vizier Sarı Süleyman Paşa, but the besieged Ottoman forces led by commander Abdurrahman Abdi Arnavut Pasha was unable to mount any offensive and he was soon after killed in   action. Abdi Pasha's defensive efforts are referred to as "heroic" by   Tony Jaques in his book the Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Prince Eugene of Savoy and his dragoons were not directly involved in entering the city, but secured the rear   of their army against the Turkish relief army, which could not prevent   the city from being entered after 143 years in Turkish possession.

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Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (name in full: Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician) Habsburg (June 9, 1640 – May 5, 1705), Holy Roman emperor, was the second son of the emperor Ferdinand III and his first wife Maria Anna of Spain. His maternal grandparents were Philip III of Spain and Margarita of Austria.

He was a younger brother of Ferdinand IV of Hungary and Mariana of Austria. Intended for the Church, he received a good education but his prospects were changed by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV, on July 9, 1654 of smallpox, when he became his father's heir.

Leopold was physically unprepossessing. Short and sickly, he had inherited the Habsburg lip to a degree unusual even in his inbred family. One contemporary said of him "His gait was stately, slow and deliberate; his air pensive, his address awkward, his manner uncouth, his disposition cold and phlegmatic".

In 1655 he was chosen king of Hungary and in 1656 king of Bohemia,1657 king of Croatia and in July 1658, more than a year after his father's death, he was elected emperor at Frankfurt in spite of the intrigues of Jules Cardinal Mazarin, who wished to place on the imperial throne Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria or some other prince whose elevation would break the Habsburg succession.

Mazarin, however, obtained a promise from the new emperor that he would not send assistance to Spain, then at war with France, and, by joining a confederation of German princes, called the league of the Rhine, France secured a certain influence in the internal affairs of Germany. Leopold's long reign covers one of the most important periods of European history; for nearly the whole of its forty-seven years he was pitted against Louis XIV of France, whose dominant personality completely overshadowed Leopold. The emperor was not himself a man of war, and never led his troops in person; yet the greater part of his public life was spent in arranging and directing wars. The first was with Sweden, whose king Charles X found a useful ally in the prince of Transylvania, György II Rákóczi, a rebellious vassal of the Hungarian crown.

This war, a legacy of the last reign, was waged by Leopold as the ally of Poland until peace was made at Oliva in 1660. A more dangerous foe next entered the lists. The Ottoman Empire interfered in the affairs of Transylvania, always an unruly district, and this interference brought on a war with the Holy Roman Empire, which after some desultory operations really began in 1663. By a personal appeal to the diet at Regensburg Leopold induced the princes to send assistance for the campaign; troops were also sent by France, and in August 1664 the great imperialist general, Raimondo Montecuccoli, gained a notable victory at Saint Gotthard. By the Peace of Vasvár the emperor made a twenty years' truce with the sultan, granting more generous terms than his recent victory seemed to render necessary.

Buda (German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Serbian: Будим, Czech and Slovak: Budín, Turkish: Budin) was the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and since 1873 has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the west bank of the Danube. Buda comprises a third of Budapest's total territory and is in fact mostly wooded. Landmarks include Buda Castle, the Citadella, and the President of Hungary's residence, Sándor Palace.

The Buda fortress and palace were built by King Béla IV of Hungary in 1247, and were the nucleus round which the town of Buda was built, which soon gained great importance, and became in 1361 the capital of Hungary.

While Pest was mostly Hungarian in the 15th century, Buda had a German majority; however according to the Hungarian Royal Treasury, it had a Hungarian majority with a sizeable German minority in 1495. Buda became part of Ottoman-ruled central Hungary from 1541 to 1686. It was the capital of the province of Budin during the Ottoman era. By the middle of the seventeenth century Buda had become majority Muslim, largely resulting from an influx of Balkan Muslims.

In 1686, two years after the unsuccessful siege of Buda, a renewed European campaign was started to enter Buda, which was formerly the capital of medieval Hungary. This time, the Holy League's army was twice as large, containing over 74,000 men, including German, Dutch, Hungarian, English, Spanish, Czech, French, Croat, Burgundian, Danish and Swedish soldiers, along with other Europeans as volunteers, artillerymen, and officers, the Christian forces reconquered Buda (see Siege of Buda).

After the reconquest of Buda, bourgeoisie from different parts of southern Germany moved into the almost deserted city. Germans — also clinging to their language — partly crowded out, partly assimilated the Hungarians and Serbians they had found here. As the rural population moved into Buda, in the 19th century slowly Hungarians became the majority there.

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This coin has been sold for   $22.0

Notes: https://www.ebay.com/itm/154294799767 2021-01-23

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Posted by: anonymous
2021-01-20
 
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